Poetry Translation Through AI: A Worksheet-Based Analysis
This task was assigned by Dr. Dilip Barad Sir to enhance our understanding of how Generative AI tools can be used to translate poems and to critically analyse their effectiveness through the theoretical frameworks of Translation Studies.
ChatGPT Translation of the poem : Mujhse Pehli si Mohabbat- Faiz Ahmed Faiz
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Do not ask me, my beloved, for that old love again.
I once believed that you alone were life, that your sorrow was my sorrow, your joy my only relief.
I thought your beauty was the truth of the world, that beyond your eyes nothing else was worth seeing.
I believed that if I found you, destiny itself would change, that loving you was enough for living.
But there are other griefs in the world besides love, and other comforts besides the comfort of union.
There is the darkness of countless ages, where human blood stains the streets, where hunger, disease, and helplessness rule the markets and homes alike.
Bodies decay under illness, children wander barefoot, and life itself feels cheaper than death.
Now my heart can see these truths as well; now it knows the world is larger than love alone.
So do not ask me, my beloved, for that old love again.
मुझसे पहली-सी मोहब्बत, मेरी महबूब, न माँग।
मैंने समझा था कि तू ही मेरी दुनिया है, तेरा ग़म ही मेरा ग़म, तेरी खुशी ही मेरी राहत।
तेरा रूप ही संसार की सच्चाई है, तेरी आँखों के सिवा इस दुनिया में कुछ और देखा ही नहीं था।
तू जो मिल जाए तो तक़दीर सँवर जाए, यूँ ही सोचा था, कि बस तुझे चाहना ही जीवन है।
लेकिन ज़माने में मोहब्बत के सिवा और भी दुख हैं, और भी राहतें हैं वस्ल की राहत के सिवा।
अनगिनत सदियों का अँधेरा है, जिसमें इंसान का लहू लथपथ है, जिसमें भूख, बीमारी और बेबसी हर तरफ़ फैली हुई है।
जिस्म रोगों से टूटते हैं, बच्चे नंगे पाँव चलते हैं, और ज़िंदगी मौत से भी सस्ती लगती है।
अब दिल को यह भी नज़र आता है, अब दिल यह भी समझता है— कि दुनिया सिर्फ़ इश्क़ नहीं है।
इसलिए मुझसे पहली-सी मोहब्बत, मेरी महबूब, न माँग।
Gemini Translation of the poem : Mujhse Pehli si Mohabbat- Faiz Ahmed Faiz
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Stanza 1 Do not ask of me, my love, that love we had before. I once believed that life was bright because you were there, That your sorrow was the only grief that I had to bear. Your face gave the spring a reason to always stay, And besides your eyes, the world held nothing in its display. I thought if I won you, fate would bow its head to me; It was not so, I only wished that it would thus be.
Stanza 2 Dark spells of countless centuries, woven in silk and gold, Bodies sold in streets and markets, a tragedy to behold, Smeared in dust and bathed in blood, the suffering of the poor, Flesh emerging from the furnaces of disease, an open sore. Pus flowing from festering wounds, a sight that turns the head— Your beauty is still enticing, but my eyes are elsewhere led.
Stanza 3 For there are other sorrows in this world than the grief of love, And other comforts than the solace of a union above. Do not ask of me, my love, that love we had before.
Stanza 1 मुझसे पहली सी मोहब्बत, मिरी महबूब, न माँग। मैंने समझा था कि तू है तो दरख़्शाँ है हयात, तेरा ग़म है तो ग़म-ए-दहर का झगड़ा क्या है। तेरी सूरत से है आलम में बहारों को सबात, तेरी आँखों के सिवा दुनिया में रक्खा क्या है। तू जो मिल जाए तो तक़दीर निगूँ हो जाए, यूँ न था मैंने सिर्फ़ चाहा था कि यूँ हो जाए।
Stanza 2 अनगिनत सदियों के तारीक वहशियाना तिलिस्म, रेशम-ओ-अटलस-ओ-कमख़ाब में बुनवाए हुए, जा-ब-जा बिकते हुए कूचा-ओ-बाज़ार में जिस्म, ख़ाक में लिथड़े हुए, ख़ून में नहलाए हुए। जिस्म निकले हुए अमराज़ के तनूरों से, पीप बहती हुई गलते हुए नासूरों से। लौट जाती है उधर को भी नज़र, क्या कीजे, अब भी दिलकश है तिरा हुस्न, मगर क्या कीजे।
Stanza 3 और भी दुख हैं ज़माने में मोहब्बत के सिवा, राहतें और भी हैं वस्ल की राहत के सिवा। मुझसे पहली सी मोहब्बत, मिरी महबूब, न माँग।
1. Syntax, Sound and Metre
ChatGPT:
ChatGPT breaks Faiz’s tightly knit Urdu couplets into free-verse English lines. For example, the original refrain
“Aur bhi dukh hain zamane mein mohabbat ke siwa”
is translated into simple declarative prose-like lines:
“But there are other griefs in the world besides love.”
Here, the chant-like rhythm and refrain quality are lost. Line repetition becomes explanation rather than poetic echo. ChatGPT also removes internal rhyme and parallelism, making the poem structurally flatter.
Gemini:
Gemini preserves stanza divisions and introduces internal rhyme such as before / bear / before and maintains balanced poetic clauses. Its lines retain a prophetic cadence closer to Faiz’s original lyrical flow. However, this sometimes leads to long and syntactically heavy sentences.
Difference:
ChatGPT sacrifices metre for clarity; Gemini sacrifices simplicity to preserve poetic music.
Replaces Indo-Persian collocations (kucha-o-bazaar, tanoor, wasl) with neutral English (“markets and homes”). The translation sounds globally modern but culturally de-rooted.
Gemini:
Retains Indo-Islamic and Persianised texture (kucha-o-bazaar, furnaces, blood-smeared bodies), preserving the poem’s South Asian political and cultural resonance.
ChatGPT Translation of the poem : The Second Coming
Hindi Translation
Gujarati Translation
घूमते-घूमते फैलते हुए भँवर में, बाज़ अब बाज़पाल की आवाज़ नहीं सुनता; सब कुछ बिखर रहा है, केंद्र टिक नहीं पाता; नंगी अराजकता दुनिया पर छूट पड़ी है। खून से धुँधली लहरें उठ रही हैं हर ओर, और मासूमियत के सारे संस्कार डूबते चले जा रहे हैं। श्रेष्ठ लोग विश्वास खो चुके हैं, और निकृष्ट लोग उन्मादी जोश से भरे हैं।
निश्चय ही कोई रहस्योद्घाटन निकट है; निश्चय ही दूसरा आगमन निकट है। दूसरा आगमन! अभी ये शब्द पूरे भी नहीं हुए कि स्पिरिटस मुंडी से उठी एक विराट छवि मेरी दृष्टि को विचलित कर देती है— रेगिस्तान की रेत में कहीं सिंह-देह और मानव-मस्तक वाली एक आकृति, जिसकी दृष्टि सूर्य-सी निष्ठुर और रिक्त है, अपने भारी जाँघों को धीरे-धीरे घसीटती चल रही है, और उसके चारों ओर क्रोधित मरु-पक्षियों की परछाइयाँ घूम रही हैं।
अंधकार फिर उतर आता है; पर अब मैं जानता हूँ— कि बीस सदियों की पथरीली नींद एक झूलते पालने से दुःस्वप्न में बदल गई थी। और वह कौन-सा क्रूर पशु है, जिसकी घड़ी अब आ पहुँची है, जो जन्म लेने के लिए बेथलेहम की ओर घिसटता चला आ रहा है?
વિસ્તરતા ચક્રમાં ફરી ફરીને, બાજ હવે બાજપાલની અવાજ સાંભળતો નથી; બધી વસ્તુઓ તૂટી રહી છે, કેન્દ્ર ટકી શકતું નથી; નગ્ન અરાજકતા દુનિયા પર છવાઈ ગઈ છે. લોહીથી મલિન પ્રવાહ છૂટી પડ્યો છે, અને સર્વત્ર નિર્દોષતાના વિધિઓ ડૂબી રહ્યા છે. શ્રેષ્ઠ લોકોમાં વિશ્વાસ નથી રહ્યો, અને નિકૃષ્ટ લોકો ઉગ્ર ઉત્સાહથી ભરેલા છે.
નિશ્ચિત જ કોઈ પ્રકાશન નજીક છે; નિશ્ચિત જ બીજું આગમન નજીક છે. બીજું આગમન! આ શબ્દો બોલાતા જ સ્પિરિટસ મુન્ડીમાંથી ઊભી થતી એક ભયાનક છબી મારી નજરને હચમચાવી દે છે— રણની રેતમાં ક્યાંક સિંહનું શરીર અને માનવનું મસ્તક ધરાવતું સ્વરૂપ, જેની નજર સૂર્ય જેવી નિર્દય અને ખાલી છે, ધીમે ધીમે પોતાના ભારે જાંઘો ખેંચતું આગળ વધે છે, અને તેની આસપાસ ક્રોધિત રણપક્ષીઓની પડછાયાઓ ફરતી રહે છે.
પછી ફરી અંધકાર છવાઈ જાય છે; પણ હવે હું જાણું છું— કે વીસ સદીઓની પથ્થરી નિંદ્રા એક હલનચલન કરતા પાળણે દુઃસ્વપ્ન બની ગઈ હતી. અને કયું કઠોર પશુ છે, જેણી ઘડી આખરે આવી પહોંચી છે, જે જન્મ લેવા માટે બેથલેહેમ તરફ લથડતું જઈ રહ્યું છે?
Gemini Translation of the poem : The Second Coming
Hindi Translation
Gujarati Translation
Stanza 1 विस्तृत होते हुए भँवर में निरंतर घूमते-घूमते, बाज़ अपने बाज़-पालक की पुकार सुन नहीं पाता; चीज़ें बिखर रही हैं; केंद्र अब थाम नहीं सकता; दुनिया पर निरी अराजकता फैल गई है, रक्त-धुँधली लहरें उमड़ पड़ी हैं, और हर तरफ मासूमियत का संस्कार डूब गया है; श्रेष्ठ जनों में दृढ़ विश्वास की कमी है, जबकि नीच जुनूनी तीव्रता से भरे हुए हैं।
Stanza 2 निश्चित ही कोई रहस्योद्घाटन होने वाला है; निश्चित ही 'द्वितीय आगमन' समीप है। द्वितीय आगमन! अभी ये शब्द मुख से निकले ही थे कि 'स्पिरिटस मुंडी' की एक विशाल छवि मेरी दृष्टि को विचलित कर देती है: रेगिस्तान की रेत में कहीं सिंह के शरीर और मनुष्य के सिर वाली एक आकृति, एक शून्य और निर्दयी दृष्टि जैसे कि तपता सूरज, अपनी भारी जाँघें धीरे-धीरे हिला रही है, जबकि उसके चारों ओर क्रुद्ध मरुस्थली पक्षियों की परछाइयाँ मँडरा रही हैं।
Stanza 3 अंधेरा फिर छा जाता है; पर अब मैं जानता हूँ कि पत्थर जैसी बीस सदियों की गहरी नींद को एक हिलते हुए पालने ने दुःस्वप्न में बदल दिया है, और वह कौन सा खूँखार दरिंदा है, जिसका समय अंततः आ गया है, जो जन्म लेने के लिए बेथलहम की ओर झुककर रेंग रहा है?
વિસ્તરતા જતા વમળમાં ગોળ-ગોળ ફરતા, બાજ હવે તેના બાજપાલકને સાંભળી શકતું નથી; બધું વેરવિખેર થઈ રહ્યું છે; કેન્દ્ર હવે ટકી શકતું નથી; જગત પર માત્ર અરાજકતા ફરી વળી છે, રક્ત-ધૂંધળી ભરતી ઉમટી પડી છે, અને ચારેબાજુ નિર્દોષતાની વિધિ ડૂબી ગઈ છે; ઉત્તમોમાં કોઈ દ્રઢ નિશ્ચય નથી, જ્યારે અધમો ઝનૂની તીવ્રતાથી ભરપૂર છે.
Stanza 2 ચોક્કસ કોઈ દૈવી સાક્ષાત્કાર નજીક છે; ચોક્કસ 'દ્વિતીય આગમન' નજીક છે. દ્વિતીય આગમન! હજુ તો આ શબ્દો બોલાયા જ છે ત્યાં 'સ્પિરિટસ મુંડી' માંથી એક વિશાળ આકૃતિ મારી દૃષ્ટિને ખલેલ પહોંચાડે છે: ક્યાંક રણની રેતીમાં સિંહ જેવું શરીર અને માનવ જેવું માથું ધરાવતી એક કૃતિ, સૂર્ય જેવી શૂન્ય અને નિર્દય નજર, પોતાની ભારે જાંઘો ધીમેથી હલાવી રહી છે, જ્યારે તેની આસપાસ ક્રોધિત રણ-પક્ષીઓના પડછાયા ઘૂમી રહ્યા છે.
Stanza 3 ફરી અંધકાર છવાય છે; પણ હવે હું જાણું છું કે પથ્થર જેવી વીસ સદીઓની ગાઢ નિદ્રાને એક ઝૂલતા પારણાએ ડરામણા સ્વપ્નમાં ફેરવી દીધી છે, અને કયું એ ક્રૂર પશુ છે, જેનો સમય આખરે આવી પહોંચ્યો છે, જે જન્મ લેવા માટે બેથલેહેમ તરફ લથડતું આગળ વધી રહ્યું છે?
1. Syntax, Sound and Metre
ChatGPT:
ChatGPT rewrites Yeats’s prophetic blank-verse lines into smooth modern Hindi and Gujarati prose-like poetry. For example, Yeats’s compact rhythmic line:
“Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold”
becomes:
“सब कुछ बिखर रहा है, केंद्र टिक नहीं पाता.”
The internal pause, stress pattern, and apocalyptic chant rhythm disappear. Lineation remains, but musical tension is reduced.
Gemini:
Gemini retains long, rolling prophetic clauses and stanzaic blocks closer to Yeats’s original cadence:
“चीज़ें बिखर रही हैं; केंद्र अब थाम नहीं सकता; दुनिया पर निरी अराजकता फैल गई है…”
This reproduces the sermon-like rhythmic swell, though sometimes at the cost of syntactic heaviness.
Difference:
ChatGPT simplifies prophetic metre into readable modern verse; Gemini attempts to preserve the rolling biblical cadence.
2. Lexicon, Grammar and Semiotics
ChatGPT:
Chooses neutral modern vocabulary: नग्न अराजकता, खून से धुँधली लहरें, भयानक छवि. The symbolic density of Yeats’s mythic vision is reduced to descriptive statements.
Gemini:
Preserves mythic and prophetic lexicon: द्वितीय आगमन, शून्य और निर्दयी दृष्टि, खूँखार दरिंदा. The phrase:
“what rough beast… slouches towards Bethlehem”
is rendered as:
“वह कौन सा खूँखार दरिंदा है… जो बेथलहम की ओर झुककर रेंग रहा है”
retaining symbolic menace and theological weight.
Difference:
ChatGPT explains; Gemini evokes.
3. Cultural Connotations and Collocations
ChatGPT:
Christian eschatology is neutralized. Bethlehem and Spiritus Mundi are kept, but without biblical stylistic aura. The tone feels like a modern political disaster poem rather than a sacred prophecy.
Gemini:
Preserves biblical prophecy style by retaining elevated diction and sermon-like register. The translation sounds consciously “foreign” and sacred, reflecting Western Christian apocalypse.
Difference:
ChatGPT domesticates into secular modern tone; Gemini foreignizes into sacred prophetic tone.
4. Challenges and Resolutions
Challenge
ChatGPT Strategy
Gemini Strategy
Better
Prophetic cadence
Simplified into modern syntax
Retained biblical rhythm
Gemini
Mythic symbolism
Descriptive explanation
Evocative mythic diction
Gemini
Readability
Very high
Moderate
ChatGPT
Cultural aura
Neutralized
Preserved
Gemini
Notebooklm prepare video :
3 poem
ChatGPT Translation of the poem : કાલ જાગે! - Zaverchand Meghani
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Awake, justice-deprived world! Awake, weak and powerless!
Awake, justice-deprived world! Awake, weak and powerless!
On the throne of justice, stern Time has awakened;
O blind ones, open your eyes — the chains of custom are breaking,
A golden sunrise of a new world is in sight.
The earth’s worn foundations will be cleansed by tears,
Washed in blood, the ranks of tyrants will break;
Awake, age-long slaves — a sacred realm is visible —
On the throne of justice, stern Time has awakened,
Time that has risen to punish the wicked.
We seek no new guardians of faith,
No throne-borne merciful rulers,
No controllers who herd people like cattle;
Let all humanity together
Shatter the pride of the proud
And celebrate freedom from heart to heart.
We shall reclaim the loot of looters,
Chains binding the people’s life will fall;
Awake, people — raise your voice against the enemy —
On the throne of justice, stern Time has awakened,
Time that has risen to punish the sinful.
The web of power and law
Passes judgments upon the innocent poor;
The rich walk free while the red blood of the poor
Is drained by the devotees of power.
Long slavery has drained the life from us,
Now brotherhood will open the road to new creation.
Awake, O enslaved — the destination is before you —
On the throne of justice, stern Time has awakened,
Time that has risen to punish the violent.
Whose rule is the earth’s? — the true workers’,
The farmers’, miners’, and the industrious’;
Not of those who drink the poor man’s blood
And become rich and learned by it.
O proud vultures, birds of prey,
The blazing sun will no longer spare you.
Awake, working people — cast off sleep and sorrow —
On earth’s own throne, stern Time has awakened.
जागो, न्याय-वंचित जग! जागो, निर्बल-अशक्त!
जागो, न्याय-वंचित जग! जागो, निर्बल-अशक्त!
इंसाफ़ के सिंहासन पर कठोर काल जागा है;
अंधों! आँखें खोलो — रूढ़ियों की बेड़ियाँ टूट रही हैं,
नई दुनिया का स्वर्णिम सूर्योदय दिखाई देता है।
धरती की जर्जर नींव आँसुओं से साफ़ होगी,
रक्त से धुलकर ज़ालिमों की टोलियाँ टूटेंगी;
जागो, युगों के गुलामो! दिव्य धाम दिखाई देता है —
इंसाफ़ के सिंहासन पर कठोर काल जागा है,
दुष्टों को दंड देने काल जागा है।
हमें नए धर्मपाल नहीं चाहिए,
न सिंहासनधारी कृपालु शासक,
न पशुओं के ग्वाले जैसे नियंत्रक चाहिए;
सभी मानव-संतान मिलकर
अहंकारियों का अहंकार तोड़ें,
मुक्ति का पर्व मन से मन तक मनाएँ।
लुटेरों की लूट वापस लेंगे,
जन-प्राणों को बाँधने वाली बेड़ियाँ टूटेंगी;
जागो, जनसमाज! शत्रु के विरुद्ध स्वर उठाओ —
इंसाफ़ के सिंहासन पर कठोर काल जागा है,
पापियों को दंड देने काल जागा है।
सत्ता और नियमों का जाल
भोले कंगालों पर फ़ैसले बरसाता है;
धनी आज़ाद घूमते हैं,
गरीबों का लाल रक्त सत्ता के भक्त निचोड़ते हैं।
लंबी दासता से जीवन निस्सत्व हुआ है,
बंधुत्व की धार से नई सृष्टि का मार्ग बहेगा।
जागो, गुलामो! मंज़िल सामने है —
इंसाफ़ के सिंहासन पर कठोर काल जागा है,
घातियों को दंड देने काल जागा है।
धरती पर राज किसका? — सच्चे श्रमजीवियों का,
किसानों का, खनिकों का, उद्यमशीलों का;
जो गरीबों का रक्त पीकर
धनवान-ज्ञानवान बने — उनका नहीं।
अभिमानी गिद्धो, भक्षक पंछियों!
अब तुम्हें तपता सूरज नहीं छोड़ेगा।
जागो श्रमजीवी लोक! तंद्रा और शोक त्यागो —
धरती के सिंहासन पर कठोर काल जागा है।
Gemini Translation of the poem : કાલ જાગે! - Zaverchand Meghani
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Stanza 1
Awake, ye famished of the world! Rise, ye disinherited!
Upon the Throne of Justice, the Dreadful Hour arrives;
Sunder the chains of dogma, unseal your clouded vision,
Behold the dawn of a new world, as the golden sun revives.
The weary foundations of the earth shall be purged by bitter tears,
Laved in blood; the cohorts of the tyrant shall dissolve;
Awake, O bondsmen of time! The hallowed realm appears:
Upon the seat of Judgment, the Great Reckoning wakes—
To smite the wicked, the Final Hour wakes.
Stanza 2
No self-styled saviors do we need, nor grace from celestial lords,
No ruler like a shepherd of cattle shall we ever endure;
All children of Man, let us crush the pride of the haughty,
On this Feast of Liberation, let our collective souls be pure.
The spoils of the plunderers, we shall snatch away this day,
Let the shackles snap asunder, let the captive spirit soar;
Awake, O masses, to raise your voice against the foe,
Upon the throne of Justice, the Dreadful Hour wakes.
Stanza 3
The snare of legal webs, the clutches of the oppressive code,
Spreading traps for the innocent and the destitute poor;
The wealthy revel in liberty, while the lifeblood of the needy,
Is drained by power’s sycophants through the taxman's door.
Long have we borne this servitude, our vitality drained dry,
Now flow in brotherhood towards the path of new creation;
Awake, awake, ye slaves! The destination is in sight:
Upon the throne of Justice, the Hour of Retribution wakes.
Stanza 4
Who shall reign upon this earth? The true tillers of the soil,
The miners, the builders, the sons of tireless toil;
Those who grew mighty by feasting on the blood of the weak,
There is no room for such parasitic 'wise' in the future we seek.
O arrogant eagles and hawks, O predatory lords of the sky!
The sun will not cease to glow even if your shadows fade;
Awake, O working folk, cast off your slumber and your grief:
Upon the floor of the earth, the Dreadful Hour wakes.
Stanza 1
जागो विश्व के हे भुख-त्रस्त! जागो दलित-अशक्त,
न्याय के सिंहासन पर अब प्रलयंकारी काल जागा है;
रूढ़ियों के बंधन तोड़ो, जड़ता का त्याग करो,
नूतन सृष्टि का स्वर्णिम सूर्योदय अब जागा है।
धरती के जर्जर पाँव आंसुओं से प्रक्षालित होंगे,
रक्त के सैलाब में आतताइयों के दल डूबेंगे;
जागो युग के दास! सामने मुक्त गगन दिखता है:
न्याय के मंच पर अब महाकाल जागा है—
खलनायकों को दंड देने भीषण काल जागा है।
Stanza 2
न चाहिए कोई धर्मरक्षक, न स्वर्ग का कृपासिंधु,
पशुपालक सम कोई शासक अब हमें स्वीकार नहीं;
हम सब मानव-पुत्र, तोड़ें दंभी का अभिमान,
मुक्ति के महायज्ञ में मन से मन मिलाएँ आज।
लुटेरों की हर लूट को, झपट लेंगे हम इस बार,
टूटें बेड़ियाँ अब, लोक-प्राण कारागार त्यागेंगे;
जागो हे जनसमाज, शत्रुओं को ललकारने,
न्याय के सिंहासन पर विकराल काल जागा है।
Stanza 3
सत्ता-नियमों का जाल, दमनकारी विधानों का चंगुल,
भोले निर्धनों हेतु फंदा ये फैलाते हैं;
धनी अट्टालिकाओं में मुक्त, और दीन का रक्त,
सत्ता के ये चाटुकार कर-भार से सोखते हैं।
बहुत सहा दासत्व, निर्जीव हुए थे जो प्राण,
अब बंधुत्व की धारा में नवनिर्माण को निकलें;
जागो, जागो हे गुलाम! आ पहुंचा गंतव्य है:
न्याय के सिंहासन पर प्रतिशोध का काल जागा है।
Stanza 4
पृथ्वी पर अधिकार किसका? केवल सच्चे श्रमजीवियों का,
कृषकों का, खनिकों का, उद्यमी पुरुषार्थियों का;
दीनों का रक्त पीकर जो बने बलवान,
उन 'ज्ञानी' धनवानों का यहाँ कोई स्थान नहीं:
अहंकारी गिद्ध-बाज़, भक्षक ओ खगराज!
तुम्हारे बिना भी कल सूर्य का तेज कम न होगा;
जागो हे श्रमिक जन, तंद्रा और शोक त्यागो:
धरती के आंगन में अब महाकाल जागा है।
1. Syntax, Sound and Metre
ChatGPT:
ChatGPT restructures Meghani’s slogan-like revolutionary chant into smooth political free verse. For example, the pounding refrain:
“ઈન્સાફી તખ્ત પર કરાલ કાલ જાગે”
becomes:
“On the throne of justice, stern Time has awakened.”
The drum-beat repetition and call-and-response rhythm of Gujarati public-oratory poetry are flattened into declarative narration.
Gemini:
Gemini retains oratorical chant rhythm, repetitive clause-patterns and parallelism:
“Upon the Throne of Justice, the Dreadful Hour wakes— To smite the wicked, the Final Hour wakes.”
The heavy cadence mirrors revolutionary slogan chanting, though the syntax becomes archaic and sermon-like.
Difference:
ChatGPT modernizes rhythm into political poetry; Gemini preserves rally-speech metre.
2. Lexicon, Grammar and Semiotics
ChatGPT:
Uses modern political vocabulary (justice, tyrants, freedom, people) and simplifies metaphors. The cosmic-mythic symbol of Kaal (Time as divine judge) is reduced to a moral abstract (“stern Time”).
Gemini:
Retains mythic–apocalyptic diction (Final Hour, Reckoning, Dreadful Hour, Retribution), preserving Meghani’s semiotics of Time as divine avenger.
Difference:
ChatGPT secularizes revolutionary myth; Gemini sacralizes it.
3. Cultural Connotations and Collocations
ChatGPT:
Replaces Gujarati ritual-religious vocabulary with global political language, making the poem sound like a universal socialist manifesto.
Gemini:
Preserves Sanskritised–Indic spiritual registers, keeping the poem culturally rooted in Indian Bhakti-revolutionary tradition.
Difference:
ChatGPT globalizes; Gemini indigenizes.
4. Challenges and Resolutions
Challenge
ChatGPT Strategy
Gemini Strategy
Better
Chant rhythm
Flattened
Retained
Gemini
Mythic symbolism
Secularized
Preserved
Gemini
Accessibility
High
Moderate
ChatGPT
Ideological power
Softened
Intensified
Gemini
Video prepared by NotebookLM :
4th poem
जीवन नहीं मरा करता है- गोपाल दास नीरज
ChatGPT Translation of the poem : जीवन नहीं मरा करता है- गोपाल दास नीरज
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Life Never Truly Dies
You who hide and weep in silence, You who scatter pearls in vain— When a few dreams fall and shatter, Life is never lost in pain.
What is a dream? A tear asleep On the velvet bed of sight; It breaks the moment youth awakes From fragile, half-formed night. You who soak before you swim, Who make your tender years all wet— When some waters drift away, The monsoon does not die just yet.
If the rosary scatters apart, The knot unravels on its own; If tears are auctioned to the world, Know your penance then is done. You who soothe the sulking days, Who stitch a shirt once torn apart— When a single lamp goes dark, The courtyard does not lose its heart.
Nothing truly here is lost, Only covers change their skin; Like night undressing moonlit white, Morning dons the sun again. You who come in altered dress, Who leave with steps no longer same— When a few toys disappear, Childhood is not put to flame.
Millions of pitchers break apart, Yet the ghat bears no despair; Millions of boats may sink and fail, Still bustle dances on the stair. You who lengthen the age of dark, Who shorten the flame’s brief span— Though autumn tries a thousand times, The garden lives, as gardens can.
The gardener may rob the grove, Yet fragrance stays within the flower; Storms may knock, but dust refuses To shut its windowed power. You who hug the creed of hate, Who fling dust upon every face— A few offended countenances Cannot kill the mirror’s grace.
જીવન કદી મરતું નથી
છુપછુપ આંસુ વહાવનારા, મોતી વ્યર્થ લુટાવનારા— થોડા સપના તૂટી જાય તો જીવન કદી મરતું નથી.
સપનું શું છે? આંખની પાંખે સૂતું એક બિંદુ પાણી, કાચી ઊંઘ તૂટે જ્યારે જાગે યુવાની દીવાની. ઉમર ભીંજવતા ચાલનારા, તર્યા વિના ન્હાવનારા— થોડું પાણી વહી જાય તો સાવન કદી મરતું નથી.
માળા છૂટી ગઈ તો શું? ગાંઠ ખુલી જાય આપમેળે, આંસુ વેચાય જો સંસારમાં તપસ્યા પૂરી થઈ છે એવું માને. દિવસ મનાવનારા રિસાયા, ફાટેલી કમીઝ સીવનારા— એક દીવો બુઝી જાય તો આંગણું કદી મરતું નથી.
અહીં કશું ખોવાતું નથી, ફક્ત ઓઢણી બદલાય છે, રાત ઉતારે ચાંદની સવાર સૂરજ પહેરે છે. વસ્ત્ર બદલી આવનારા, ચાલ બદલી જાવનારા— થોડાં રમકડાં ખોવાય તો બાળપણ કદી મરતું નથી.
લાખો વખત ગાગરી ફૂટી, પનઘટ અડગ ઊભો રહ્યો; લાખો નાવડી ડૂબી ગઈ, ઘાટ પર મેળો ભરેલો રહ્યો. અંધકાર વધારનારા, દીવાની ઉમર ઘટાડનારા— પાનખર લાખ પ્રયત્ન કરે પણ ઉપવન કદી મરતું નથી.
માળીએ લૂંટ્યું ઉપવન, સુગંધ ફૂલની ન લૂંટી; તોફાનોએ છેડ્યું બધું પણ ધૂળની બારી ન તૂટી. નફરત ગળે લગાવનારા, સૌ પર ધૂળ ઉડાવનારા— થોડાં ચહેરાં નારાજ થાય તો દર્પણ કદી મરતું નથી.
Gemini Translation of the poem : जीवन नहीं मरा करता है- गोपाल दास नीरज
English Translation
Hindi Translation
Stanza 1 O you, who shed tears in secret, Wasting pearls that are so sweet; Just because a few dreams have died, Life does not die, it does not retreat.
Stanza 2 What is a dream? But water of the eyes, Sleeping on the bed of the sight; Broken just like a youthful slumber, Waking up in the middle of the night. O builders of a wet age, who bathe without a dip, Just because some water flowed, the Monsoon does not skip.
Stanza 3 So what if the garland is scattered? The problem solved itself, you see; If your tears were auctioned off, Consider your penance fulfilled and free. O you, who celebrate sullen days, who stitch the torn attire, Just because some lamps went out, the courtyard doesn't lose its fire.
Stanza 4 Nothing is ever lost here, Only the book’s cover is changed; Like the night sheds the moonlight, And in morning’s sunny robe is arranged. O you, who come in new clothes, who walk with a new pace, Just because some toys are lost, childhood doesn't lose its grace.
Stanza 5 Millions of pots have shattered, But the riverbank shows no frown; Millions of boats have sunk, But the shore still wears its bustling crown. O you, who increase the age of darkness, who dim the flickering light, Despite Autumn's many attempts, the garden stays blooming and bright.
Stanza 6 The gardener plundered the garden, But the fragrance of flowers remained; Even the storms tried their best, But the window against the dust was sustained. O you, who embrace hatred, who throw dirt on every face, Just because some faces are upset, the mirror doesn't lose its place.
Stanza 2 સપનું શું છે? નયન-શૈયા પર, સૂતેલું આંખોનું પાણી; અને તૂટવું તેનું એવું, જેમ જાગે અધૂરી ઉંઘે જુવાની. ભીની ઉંમર બનાવનારા, ડૂબ્યા વગર નહાનારા, થોડું પાણી વહી જવાથી, શ્રાવણ કદી મરતો નથી.
Stanza 3 માળા વિખરાઈ ગઈ તો શું થયું? પોતે જ ઉકેલાઈ ગઈ સમસ્યા; આંસુઓ જો હરાજીમાં વેચાયા, સમજો પૂર્ણ થઈ ગઈ તપસ્યા. રીસાયેલા દિવસો મનાવનારા, ફાટેલા ખમીસ સીવનારા, થોડા દીવાઓ ઓલવાઈ જવાથી, આંગણું કદી મરતું નથી.
Stanza 4 અહીં કંઈ જ ખોવાતું નથી, માત્ર પુસ્તકનું પૂઠું બદલાય છે; જેમ રાત ઉતારે ચાંદની, ને સવારે ધૂપની ધોતી પહેરાય છે. વસ્ત્ર બદલીને આવનારા, ચાલ બદલીને જનારા, થોડા રમકડાં ખોવાઈ જવાથી, બાળપણ કદી મરતું નથી.
Stanza 5 લાખો વખત ગાગરો ફૂટી, પણ પનઘટ પર કરચલી ન આવી; લાખો વખત હોડીઓ ડૂબી, પણ કાંઠાની ચહલ-પહલ ન લથડાવી. અંધકારની ઉંમર વધારનારા, જ્યોતની ઉંમર ઘટાડનારા, લાખ પ્રયત્ન કરે પાનખર, પણ ઉપવન કદી મરતું નથી.
Stanza 6 માળીએ ઉપવન લૂંટી લીધું, પણ ફૂલોની સુગંધ ન લૂંટાઈ; તોફાનોએ પણ પજવ્યું ઘણું, પણ ધૂળની બારી ન વસાઈ. નફરતને ગળે લગાવનારા, સૌ પર ધૂળ ઉડાવનારા, થોડા ચહેરાઓની નારાજગીથી, દર્પણ કદી મરતું નથી
1. Syntax, Sound and Metre
ChatGPT:
ChatGPT converts Neeraj’s tightly rhymed Hindi stanzas into soft lyrical free verse. For example, the repeated rhythmic assurance:
“कुछ सपनों के मर जाने से, जीवन नहीं मरा करता है।”
becomes:
“When a few dreams fall and shatter, Life is never lost in pain.”
The musical refrain quality and folk-song cadence are reduced into a calm explanatory lyric.
Gemini:
Gemini preserves stanza symmetry and refrain rhythm, maintaining couplet balance and repetition:
“Just because a few dreams have died, Life does not die, it does not retreat.”
This retains chant-like assurance closer to the original oral-song quality.
Difference:
ChatGPT smooths into modern lyric prose; Gemini preserves folk cadence.
2. Lexicon, Grammar and Semiotics
ChatGPT:
Uses emotionally gentle vocabulary (grace, pain, childhood, dreams), softening symbolic images such as panaghat, gagarī, monsoon. Semiotic weight becomes emotional metaphor rather than cultural symbol.
Gemini:
Retains culturally dense imagery (panaghat, ghat, monsoon, courtyard, toys) and preserves Neeraj’s metaphor chain of Indian everyday life.
Replaces rural Hindi cultural symbols with neutral poetic universals. The poem sounds globally inspirational but less Indian.
Gemini:
Keeps Hindi idioms and domestic imagery, retaining Indian folk sensibility.
Difference:
ChatGPT globalizes; Gemini indigenizes.
4. Challenges and Resolutions
Challenge
ChatGPT Strategy
Gemini Strategy
Better
Folk rhythm
Reduced
Preserved
Gemini
Cultural imagery
Neutralized
Retained
Gemini
Readability
High
Moderate
ChatGPT
Poetic faithfulness
Moderate
High
Gemini
🧩 FINAL REFLECTION
Jakobson:
ChatGPT preserves literal meaning but weakens poetic rhythm and imagery. Gemini preserves poetic meaning by retaining rhythm, symbolism, and emotional force.
Catford:
ChatGPT follows linguistic equivalence by producing grammatically smooth and structurally natural translations. Gemini moves beyond strict equivalence to protect poetic and ideological depth.
Devy:
ChatGPT domesticates cultural and political meanings into universal forms. Gemini foreignizes the texts by preserving indigenous, mythic, and revolutionary cultural textures.
Ramanujan:
Gemini reflects Ramanujan’s idea of creative poetic recreation. ChatGPT reflects a restrained, meaning-focused translation.
Overall:
ChatGPT works as a meaning-translator; Gemini works as a poetic-cultural re-creator.
References :
Barad, Dilip. Translation Studies Activity Worksheet: Using Gen AI Tools for Translating Poems. 2025, ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387487880_Translation_Studies_Activity_Worksheet_Using_Gen_AI_Tools_for_Translating_Poems.
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